The Kassel Coin Collection was formed over centuries and is mainly due to the collecting activities of the Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel. Currently, it comprises around 15,000 objects from antiquity to the 21st century.

Under Landgrave Friedrich II in the 18th century, early monument preservation began, which also included treasure finds with coins. Thus, the coin cabinet developed into a research institution with a regional scope. However, in the 1920s, large collections were sold - including the complete collection of ancient coins. Since then, the focus of the coin cabinet has been on Hessian coin minting and high medieval coins from Thuringia.

Many of the modern medals found in the collection today were acquired only since the 1960s. Since the 1980s, the collection has been completely rebuilt, including coins from antiquity. Part of the coin cabinet is on display in the permanent exhibition "From the treasure trove of history"exhibited in the Hessian State Museum, another part with ancient coins in the" Collection of Antiquities at Wilhelmshöhe Castle. Around one third of the collection is in the Online database Hessen Kassel heritage searchable.